The eight-thousanders are the 14 independent mountains on Earth that are more than 8,000 metres (26,247Â ft) high above sea level. All eight-thousanders are located in the Himalayan and Karakoram mountain ranges in Asia. They are the mountains whose summits are in the death zone.
The first recorded attempt on an eight-thousander was when Albert F. Mummery and J. Norman Collie tried to climb Kashmir's Nanga Parbat in 1895. The attempt failed when Mummery and two Gurkhas, Ragobir and Goman Singh, were killed by an avalanche.
The first recorded successful ascent of an eight-thousander was by Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal, who reached the summit of Annapurna on June 3, 1950.
The first person to climb all 14 eight-thousanders was Reinhold Messner, who completed this task on October 16, 1986. A year later, in 1987, Jerzy Kukuczka became the second climber to accomplish this feat. Messner had summitted each of the 14 peaks without the aid of supplemental oxygen. This feat was not repeated until nine years later by Erhard Loretan in 1995. Phurba Tashi of Nepal has completed the most climbs of the eight-thousanders, with 30 ascents between 1998 and 2011. Juanito Oiarzabal has completed the second most, with a total of 25 times between 1985 and 2011.
The countries with the highest number of climbers that have climbed all 14 eight-thousanders are Italy and South Korea, with five climbers each, followed by Spain, with four climbers. Kazakhstan, Poland have three climbers each that completed the "Crown of the Himalaya". The first woman who claimed to have summited all 14 eight-thousanders was Oh Eun-Sun of South Korea, stating she completed the set by summiting Annapurna on April 27, 2010. Doubts about this claim have been raised by several parties and an inquiry by the Korean Alpine Federation (KAF) declared her summit claim for Kangchenjunga 2009 "unlikely". Their doubts add to those previously brought forward by rival Edurne Pasaban, which moved Himalayan chronicler Elizabeth Hawley in the spring of 2010 to tag the summit as "disputed". Later in 2010, Edurne Pasaban was declared the first woman to climb all 14 eight-thousanders.
In August 2011, Austrian climber Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner became the first woman to climb the 14 eight-thousanders without the use of supplementary oxygen.
List of Eight-thousanders
* As of September 2003, data from Chinese National Geography, August 2006, page 77.
Climbers with Verified Ascents of All 14 Eight-thousanders
Field O2 lists people who have climbed all 14 without bottled oxygen.
Disputed
Claims in which not enough evidence was provided to verify the ascents of all 14 peaks. The disputed ascent in each claim is shown in parentheses.
Gallery
See also
- List of highest mountains
- List of deaths on eight-thousanders
- Seven Summits
- Seven Second Summits
- Volcanic Seven Summits
- Three Poles Challenge
- Explorers Grand Slam, also known as The Adventurers Grand Slam
- List of ski descents of Eight-Thousanders
References
External links
- Site dedicated to the 8000m peaks and mountaineers
- Pictures of 8'000 meter peaks
- Map in GeoFinder.ch showing the locations of the main summits
- The Eight-Thousanders
- Map in MapsCamp showing the locations of the main summits
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