In oceanography, a marginal sea is a sea partially enclosed by islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas, adjacent to or widely open to the open ocean at the surface, and/or bounded by submarine ridges on the sea floor.
Marginal seas of the world
Sources differ over which seas are considered marginal seas as well as which ocean a given sea is considered a marginal part of. There is no single ultimate authority on the matter.
Marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean:
- Barents Sea
- Beaufort Sea
- Chukchi Sea (separated by Wrangel Island)
- Kara Sea
- Laptev Sea (separated by the Severnaya Zemlya and the New Siberian Islands)
Marginal seas of the Atlantic Ocean:
- Argentine Sea
- Baltic Sea
- Caribbean Sea
- English Channel
- Gulf of Mexico
- Hudson Bay
- Irish Sea (separated by Ireland)
- Mediterranean Sea
- North Sea (by Great Britain)
- Norwegian Sea (by Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and Shetland); and Greenland Sea
- Scotia Sea (by the Falkland Islands, South Georgia, and the South Sandwich Islands)
- Sometimes the Arctic Ocean itself is considered a marginal sea of the Atlantic.
Marginal seas of the Indian Ocean:
- Andaman Sea (separated by the Andaman and Nicobar Islands).
- Arabian Sea
- Bay of Bengal
- Java Sea (separated by the Greater Sunda Islands)
- Persian Gulf
- Red Sea
- Sea of Zanj (an historic entity off the southeast African coast and including the Mascarene islands)
Marginal seas of the Mediterranean Sea:
- Adriatic Sea
- Aegean Sea
- Alboran Sea
- Balearic Sea
- Black Sea
- Sea of Crete
- Ionian Sea
- Ligurian Sea
- Myrtoan Sea
- Sea of Sardinia
- Sea of Sicily
- Thracian Sea
- Tyrrhenian Sea
Marginal sea of the Black Sea:
- Sea of Azov
Marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean:
- Bering Sea (separated by the Aleutian Islands)
- Celebes Sea
- Coral Sea (by the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu).
- East China Sea (by the Ryukyu Islands)
- Philippine Sea (by the Ogasawara Islands, the Mariana Islands, and Palau)
- Sea of Chiloé (by Chiloé Island, Chile)
- Sea of Japan (by the Japanese Archipelago)
- Sea of Okhotsk (by the Kurile Islands and Kamchatka Peninsula)
- South China Sea (by the Philippines)
- Sulu Sea
- Tasman Sea (between Australia and New Zealand)
- Yellow Sea (by the Korean Peninsula)
Marginal seas of the Southern Ocean:
- Scotia Sea
The Caribbean Sea is sometimes defined as a marginal sea, sometimes as a mediterranean sea.
The Caspian Sea is also sometimes defined as a marginal sea, and also the Dead Sea and the Garabogazköl.
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