The SASM/GNC/SRC romanization of Tibetan, commonly known as Tibetan pinyin, is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in the People's Republic of China for personal names and place names. It is based on the Lhasa dialect of Standard Tibetan and reflects the pronunciation very accurately, except that it does not mark tone. It is used within China as an alternative to the Wylie transliteration for writing Tibetan in the Latin script; for use within academic circles, Wylie transliteration (with v instead of apostrophe) is more commonly used.
Overview
Onsets overview
Independent onset occurred in initial syllable of a word is transcribed as following:
For more general case, see #Onsets.
Vowels and final consonant
The seventeen vowels of the Lhasa dialect are represented in Tibetan pinyin as follows:
Syllable-final -r is usually not spoken, but lengthens the preceding vowel. Syllable-final -n of the written forms usually nasalises the preceding vowel. This is how syllable-final consonants are transcribed:
Single syllable orthography
The tone of a syllable depends mostly on its initial consonant. In this table, each initial is given in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) with the vowel a and a tone mark to present tone register (high/low).
Onsets
Below is a comprehensive transcription table of onsets of an initial syllable of a word. If the syllable to transcribe is not the first syllable of a word, see #Onset variation.
Rimes
Below is a comprehensive transcription table of rimes of a final syllable of a word, with IPA transcription for the Lhasa dialect. If the syllable to transcribe is not the final syllable of a word, see #Coda variation.
Take "ཨ" to be the consonant (not "◌").
Intersyllable influence
Onset variation
- Bare low aspirated variation
- k*, q*, t*, p*, x*, s*, ky*, ch* become g*, j*, d*, b*, ?*, ?*, gy*, zh* respectively
- pa* (་བ) and po* (་བོ) become wa and wo respectively
Coda variation
- Ngoinjug of next syllable
- Prenasalization of next syllable
Examples
Sometimes there is intersyllable influence, e.g.:
Examples
See also
- Standard Tibetan
- Tibetan alphabet
- Wylie transliteration
- THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription
- Hanyu pinyin
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