Edurne Pasaban

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinos59uNsiFjSJyDU1nfRlChbwLK-WsrDa7qANzHTtEyjCtaB9_tnkqSuNSfvDwaMlEzJQbtbDd0J0teRq6-AEgwY8dSKv0Q3OFnTqi-s_y-NaugH19E9FaCqDQkxQH2iFokLpTGt_Rx4/s1600/Edurne_Pasaban%25252C_2010-07-01-723417.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143788472845138882" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinos59uNsiFjSJyDU1nfRlChbwLK-WsrDa7qANzHTtEyjCtaB9_tnkqSuNSfvDwaMlEzJQbtbDd0J0teRq6-AEgwY8dSKv0Q3OFnTqi-s_y-NaugH19E9FaCqDQkxQH2iFokLpTGt_Rx4/s320/Edurne_Pasaban%25252C_2010-07-01-723417.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Edurne Pasaban Lizarribar</b> (born August 1, 1973) is a Basque Spanish mountaineer, from Tolosa, in the province of Gipuzkoa in the Basque Country, Spain. On May 17, 2010, she became the 21st person and the first woman to climb all of the fourteen eight-thousander peaks in the World. Her first 8,000 peak had been achieved 9 years earlier, on May 23, 2001, when she climbed to the summit of Mount Everest.</p> <p></p> <p></p> <h2><span id="Life_and_career">Life and career</span></h2><br><br> <p>Pasaban was born in Tolosa, Spain. She summited her ninth eight-thousander, Broad Peak, on July 12, 2007, together with the Austrian climber Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner. On May 1, 2008, Pasaban summited Dhaulagiri, as did Kaltenbrunner the same day again. Both downplayed the aspect of a race between them for the first woman to climb all 14 eight-thousanders. On May 18, 2009, Pasaban climbed the Kangchenjunga with, among others, Juanito Oiarzabal and the Polish climber Kinga Baranowska. With that</p>

Edurne Pasaban

Edurne Pasaban Lizarribar (born August 1, 1973) is a Basque Spanish mountaineer, from Tolosa, in the province of Gipuzkoa in the Basque Cou...

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Poland

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglWPs_lnfObI2NfcwTYkCegxMdXrvDKLbZmkS4yHhaEcf8l1onvCiCKRlNfk67KH0aBqMOh7DpFU8COOHPTFcP5RCIMyQtcCu7bwTgMGDoRsZ9NTPXi4TyeLF1pGyXqqKH_n2B2O0TPEA/s1600/500px-Flag_of_Poland.svg-722936.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143773011283038402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglWPs_lnfObI2NfcwTYkCegxMdXrvDKLbZmkS4yHhaEcf8l1onvCiCKRlNfk67KH0aBqMOh7DpFU8COOHPTFcP5RCIMyQtcCu7bwTgMGDoRsZ9NTPXi4TyeLF1pGyXqqKH_n2B2O0TPEA/s320/500px-Flag_of_Poland.svg-722936.png"></a></p><p><b>Poland</b> (<span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span><span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span></span><span><span title="/oÊŠ/ long 'o' in 'bode'">oÊŠ</span></span><span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span><span><span title="/É™/ 'a' in 'about'">É™</span></span><span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span><span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span></span>; Polish: <span lang="pl"><i>Polska</i></span> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈpÉ"lska]</span>), officially the <b>Republic of Poland</b> (Polish: <span lang="pl"><i>Rzeczpospolita Polska</i></span>, <span><span> listen</span> </span>), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and</p>

Poland

Poland ( / ˈ p oÊŠ l É™ n d / ; Polish: Polska [ˈpÉ"lska] ), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska ,  ...

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Kazakhstan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8V0bxXF4RHCyFitevl4fx2ZAL3fMXM7RouMFdqNmVtLeW5OPggexDEyOeuKZ-A9QU6KiQ8VVDb42QYuoEmfXmxXu4p6laFtwam8zzYyLYcMmrvMhpFruG3FYio4H2fYRyT0oml38SXT0/s1600/500px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg-723530.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143765282183790322" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8V0bxXF4RHCyFitevl4fx2ZAL3fMXM7RouMFdqNmVtLeW5OPggexDEyOeuKZ-A9QU6KiQ8VVDb42QYuoEmfXmxXu4p6laFtwam8zzYyLYcMmrvMhpFruG3FYio4H2fYRyT0oml38SXT0/s320/500px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg-723530.png"></a></p><p><b>Kazakhstan</b> (<span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span><span title="/ËŒ/ secondary stress follows">ËŒ</span></span><span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span><span><span title="/É'ː/ 'a' in 'spa'">É'ː</span></span><span><span title="'z' in 'zebra'">z</span></span><span><span title="/É™/ 'a' in 'about'">É™</span></span><span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span><span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span><span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span><span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span><span><span title="/É'ː/ 'a' in 'spa'">É'ː</span></span><span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span></span> or <span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span><span title="/ËŒ/ secondary stress follows">ËŒ</span></span><span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></spa</span></span></p>

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan ( / ËŒ k É'ː z É™ k ˈ s t É'ː n / or / ËŒ k n> æ z É™ k ˈ s t æ n / ; Kazakh: Қазақстан Qazaqstan , ...

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Juanito Oiarzabal

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXum1Forn4Qv9dSLUX_WS18xG8b4wIm7-BTRn4uONBWMxi_xDVcfdxQS7H1YivK5K6o61rLjPkABfdVVvc8GBvNQCzaVaGrlo9SK-_WUuttfpq5Cjo7nTo6qyVOhE0QAR6m6Ojw4CVsIM/s1600/416px-Juanito_Oiarzabal_ME-723556.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143757547467544626" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXum1Forn4Qv9dSLUX_WS18xG8b4wIm7-BTRn4uONBWMxi_xDVcfdxQS7H1YivK5K6o61rLjPkABfdVVvc8GBvNQCzaVaGrlo9SK-_WUuttfpq5Cjo7nTo6qyVOhE0QAR6m6Ojw4CVsIM/s320/416px-Juanito_Oiarzabal_ME-723556.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Juan Eusebio Oiarzabal Urteaga</b> (born 30 March 1956) commonly known as <b>Juanito Oiarzabal</b> is a noted Spanish Basque mountaineer and has written four books on the subject. He was the sixth man to reach all 14 eight-thousander summits, and the third one in reaching them without supplementary oxygen. He was the first person to conquer the top 3 summits twice (Everest + K2 + Kangchenjunga), and was the oldest climber to summit Kangchenjunga, at almost 53, until Carlos Soria Fontan made his successful attempt in 2014, when he was 75 years old. In 2004, he lost all his toes to frostbite after summiting K2.</p> <p>In 2009 he announced he wants to become the first person in history to reach a "double 14", summiting each 8000er twice. In April 2010 he reached 24 eight-thousanders, after climbing Annapurna, a world record. In 2011 he climbed Lhotse for a second time, which was his 25th eight-thousander. He is second all-time for 8000er ascents behind Nepali climber Phurba Tashi Sh</p>

Juanito Oiarzabal

Juan Eusebio Oiarzabal Urteaga (born 30 March 1956) commonly known as Juanito Oiarzabal is a noted Spanish Basque mountaineer and has writ...

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Phurba Tashi

<p><b>Phurba Tashi Sherpa Mendewa</b> (Nepali: <span lang="ne" xml:lang="ne">फूर्वा तासी शेर्पा</span>) is a Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer, born 1971, known for his numerous ascents of major Himalayan peaks. He holds the record for the most total ascents of eight-thousanders, with 30. These include twenty-one ascents of Mount Everest, five on Cho Oyu, two on Manaslu, and one each on Shishapangma and Lhotse. In 2009 Tashi was featured in the Discovery Channel series <i>Everest: Beyond the Limit</i>. As of 2013 he has reached the summit of Everest 21 times, including three times in the 2007 season alone. He lives in Khumjung, Nepal.</p> <p>In the first season of the Discovery Channel series (2006), he was shown carrying double-amputee Mark Inglis down a portion of the lower descent on his back. In 2007, as a result of urging by expedition leader Russell Brice, Tashi agreed to accompany David Tait on his mission to complete the first double traverse of Everes</p>

Phurba Tashi

Phurba Tashi Sherpa Mendewa (Nepali: फूर्वा तासी शेर्पा ) is a Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer, born 1971, know...

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Erhard Loretan

<p><b>Erhard Loretan</b> (28 April 1959 â€" 28 April 2011) was a Swiss mountain climber, often described as one of the greatest mountaineers of all times.</p> <p>Loretan was born in Bulle in the canton of Fribourg. He trained as a cabinet-maker (1979) and mountain guide (1981) and began his climbing career at the age of 11. He died on his 52nd birthday while climbing the Grünhorn in the Swiss Alps.</p> <p>Loretan was the third person to have climbed all 14 eight-thousanders (second without oxygen), a feat he accomplished at the age of 36. He made his first expedition to the Andes in 1980 and began his conquest of the 8,000 metres (26,247 ft) peaks in 1982 with the deadly Nanga Parbat. 13 years later, in 1995, he climbed the last of them, Kangchenjunga. In 1986, together with Jean Troillet, Loretan made a revolutionary ascent of Mount Everest in only 43 hours, climbing by night and without the use of supplementary oxygen.</p> <p>Loretan was convicted in 2003 of the manslaughter of his</p>

Erhard Loretan

Erhard Loretan (28 April 1959 â€" 28 April 2011) was a Swiss mountain climber, often described as one of the greatest mountaineers of ...

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Oxygen

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwXiI3X1anJpf97_GrI-KJXleX4vW4EwMJGvHdmT2qnJZ3Y353CC5Mxu4q23KvFz2fLZpgcSu5nQJjPxTOMnDFhJFHswyT0End_kwViQ-vQ2xgvtYJwiaCMJmHM8i8ZqvrYxT7HwnarrU/s1600/500px-Oxygen_molecule_orbitals_diagram-722587.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143734355474894418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwXiI3X1anJpf97_GrI-KJXleX4vW4EwMJGvHdmT2qnJZ3Y353CC5Mxu4q23KvFz2fLZpgcSu5nQJjPxTOMnDFhJFHswyT0End_kwViQ-vQ2xgvtYJwiaCMJmHM8i8ZqvrYxT7HwnarrU/s320/500px-Oxygen_molecule_orbitals_diagram-722587.JPG"></a></p><p><b>Oxygen</b> is a chemical element with symbol <b>O</b> and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetallic element and oxidizing agent that readily forms compounds (notably oxides) with most elements. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. At STP, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a diatomic gas that is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, with the formula <span>O<span><br> 2</span></span>.</p> <p>Many major classes of organic molecules in living organisms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats, contain oxygen, as do the major inorganic compounds that are constituents of animal shells, teeth, and bone. Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as it is a part of water, the major constituent of lifeforms (for example, about two-thirds of human body mass). Elemental oxygen is produced by cyanobacteria, algae and plants, and </p>

Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol  O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a hi...

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Jerzy Kukuczka

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8cqZeytI_BVLueqdUut9gJt31tZVPZR3BZ9vU9tdcQHOmGiatSrQwMEf5g93BNbE7NrDhJg2FPjUR48mUXCRVZcegWrT9iyP1zTGTx5URBPtQ5RIBhXoA5W9FBTe8w24o2-Yy9RGf_eA/s1600/247px-Jerzy_Kukuczka_Mount_Everest_1980-721694.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143726620761396994" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8cqZeytI_BVLueqdUut9gJt31tZVPZR3BZ9vU9tdcQHOmGiatSrQwMEf5g93BNbE7NrDhJg2FPjUR48mUXCRVZcegWrT9iyP1zTGTx5URBPtQ5RIBhXoA5W9FBTe8w24o2-Yy9RGf_eA/s320/247px-Jerzy_Kukuczka_Mount_Everest_1980-721694.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Jerzy Kukuczka</b> (24 March 1948 in Katowice â€" 24 October 1989 Lhotse) - was a Polish alpine and high-altitude climber. Born in Katowice, his family origin is Goral. On 18 September 1987, he became the second man, after Reinhold Messner, to climb all fourteen eight-thousanders in the world. He is the first man who made the first winter ascents of three eight-thousanders: Dhaulagiri with Andrzej Czok in 1985, Kangchenjunga with Krzysztof Wielicki in 1986 and Annapurna I with Artur Hajzer in 1987. He is the only climber to have ascended four of the eight-thousanders during winter. Along with Tadeusz Piotrowski, Kukuczka established a new route on K2 (the so-called "Polish Line"), which no one has ever repeated.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="Eight-thousanders">Eight-thousanders</span></h2><br><br> <p>Kukuczka is widely considered among the climbing community to be one of the best high-altitude climbers in history. He ascended all fourteen eight-thousanders in just seven years, 11 mon</p>

Jerzy Kukuczka

Jerzy Kukuczka (24 March 1948 in Katowice â€" 24 October 1989 Lhotse) - was a Polish alpine and high-altitude climber. Born in Katowic...

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Reinhold Messner

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvcwS1gN4Q11XQyi3UbWpetK6G8DwplbVJuKK63pzGBHweYwj2E682F6aO2AG1S4cNTmIIBw3DCEpw-Jdi5zKO9lkN3GtbvVNjQNWA1RrROb7vnYUO3XQjog9jgds9vD47BpYLQVBkz_Q/s1600/409px-Reinhold_Messner_at_Juval_%2525282012%252529-722165.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143718889770328834" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvcwS1gN4Q11XQyi3UbWpetK6G8DwplbVJuKK63pzGBHweYwj2E682F6aO2AG1S4cNTmIIBw3DCEpw-Jdi5zKO9lkN3GtbvVNjQNWA1RrROb7vnYUO3XQjog9jgds9vD47BpYLQVBkz_Q/s320/409px-Reinhold_Messner_at_Juval_%2525282012%252529-722165.JPG"></a></p><p><b>Reinhold Messner</b> (born 17 September 1944) is a mountaineer, adventurer, explorer, and author from the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol.</p> <p>He is renowned for making the first ascent of Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen along with Peter Habeler, and for being the first climber to ascend all fourteen "eight-thousanders" (peaks over 8,000 metres (26,000 ft) above sea level). He is the author of at least 63 books, many of which have been translated into other languages.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="Biography">Biography</span></h2><br><br> <p>Born in Brixen (Bressanone), Italy, Messner is a native speaker of German and Italian, and also fluent in English. He grew up in Villnöß and spent his early years climbing in the Alps and fell in love with the Dolomites. His father, Josef Messner, was a teacher. He was also very strict and sometimes severe with Reinhold. Josef led Reinhold to his first summit at the age of five. Reinhold had eight brothers and one sister</p>

Reinhold Messner

Reinhold Messner (born 17 September 1944) is a mountaineer, adventurer, explorer, and author from the Italian autonomous province of South ...

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Maurice Herzog

<p><b>Maurice Herzog</b> (15 January 1919 â€" 13 December 2012) was a French mountaineer and administrator who was born in Lyon, France. He led the expedition that first climbed a peak over 8000m, Annapurna, in 1950, and reached the summit with Louis Lachenal. Upon his return, he wrote a best-selling book about the expedition.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="Ascent_of_Annapurna_I:_a_historic_exploit">Ascent of Annapurna I: a historic exploit</span></h2><br><br> <p>On 3 June 1950, Herzog and Louis Lachenal became the first climbers in modern History to climb a peak over 8000m when they summited the Himalayan mountain Annapurna I, the 10th-highest mountain in the world. The ascent was all the more remarkable because the peak was explored, reconnoitred and climbed all within one season; and was climbed without the use of supplemental oxygen. It is also the only 8000 meter summit that was reached at the first attempt. Herzog was awarded the 1950 Gold Medal of the Société de Géographie.</p> <p

Maurice Herzog

Maurice Herzog (15 January 1919 â€" 13 December 2012) was a French mountaineer and administrator who was born in Lyon, France. He led ...

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Avalanche

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH8yS5ZSmiZUwbrbqgiyJS14mPQ3haKERmf-i5z-PwmkL38TliPeOjeAvLMcMz4GdO5kPf9l_ShcEG3e29Oy-iyazzI9bpBY0PQI1BdBQOLZ_uGtFV45aYYTSJ68UEAepTKbpNqT2Q_3A/s1600/500px-Avalanche_on_Everest-721357.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143695690511139730" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH8yS5ZSmiZUwbrbqgiyJS14mPQ3haKERmf-i5z-PwmkL38TliPeOjeAvLMcMz4GdO5kPf9l_ShcEG3e29Oy-iyazzI9bpBY0PQI1BdBQOLZ_uGtFV45aYYTSJ68UEAepTKbpNqT2Q_3A/s320/500px-Avalanche_on_Everest-721357.JPG"></a></p><p>An <b>avalanche</b> (also called a <b>snowslide</b> or <b>snowslip</b>) is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface. Avalanches are typically triggered in a starting zone from a mechanical failure in the snowpack (slab avalanche) when the forces on the snow exceed its strength but sometimes only with gradually widening (loose snow avalanche). After initiation, avalanches usually accelerate rapidly and grow in mass and volume as they entrain more snow. If the avalanche moves fast enough some of the snow may mix with the air forming a powder snow avalanche, which is a type of gravity current.</p> <p>Slides of rocks or debris, behaving in a similar way to snow, are also referred to as avalanches (see rockslide). The remainder of this article refers to snow avalanches.</p> <p>The load on the snowpack may be only due to gravity, in which case failure may result either from weakening in the snowpack or increased load due to precipitation. Avalanches that occur in this way are known as </p>

Avalanche

An avalanche (also called a snowslide or snowslip ) is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface. Avalanches are typically triggered in ...

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Gurkha

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuHOgHdRkpECzT9mVTnwliFqswNZzmPGVUWyYU4JqfxtQkq8CSsgNkEk1to1elpCeJrgc5yglWHXPGQLdoj5XjBxuvH6WRNXb6GFVTCaNZYsKBDH1PLdlNo_a_74jx1TLel9DrSAEockc/s1600/Khukri-knife-721970.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143687967989759442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuHOgHdRkpECzT9mVTnwliFqswNZzmPGVUWyYU4JqfxtQkq8CSsgNkEk1to1elpCeJrgc5yglWHXPGQLdoj5XjBxuvH6WRNXb6GFVTCaNZYsKBDH1PLdlNo_a_74jx1TLel9DrSAEockc/s320/Khukri-knife-721970.jpg"></a></p><p>The <b>Gurkhas</b> (Nepali : <span lang="ne" xml:lang="ne">गोर्खा</span>) (<span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span><span><span title="'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span><span><span title="/ɜr/ 'ir' in 'bird'">ɜr</span></span><span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span><span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span></span> or <span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span><span><span title="'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span><span><span title="/ʊər/ 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span></span><span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span><span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><</span></p>

Gurkha

The Gurkhas (Nepali : गोर्खा ) ( / ˈ ɡ ɜr k ə / or / ˈ ɡ ʊər k ə / /span>), also spelled as Gorkhas, are soldier...

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J. Norman Collie

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBGfCN1uyoGzgaHmDKQz6QPcDPpBv6yBSH1wd3OQIYTqTfmW-zSJ24VZJ4v0M_eFc5M_5MuDgUAVDsTPbFZ3pRadQtTjJTh3jy88Oqo4tJX1h8eCgZJ50z9sTM9_8sRXSih6cvLip8b6o/s1600/500px-J._Norman_Collie-722051.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143680236542906786" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBGfCN1uyoGzgaHmDKQz6QPcDPpBv6yBSH1wd3OQIYTqTfmW-zSJ24VZJ4v0M_eFc5M_5MuDgUAVDsTPbFZ3pRadQtTjJTh3jy88Oqo4tJX1h8eCgZJ50z9sTM9_8sRXSih6cvLip8b6o/s320/500px-J._Norman_Collie-722051.jpg"></a></p><p><b>John Norman Collie</b> FRS (10 September 1859 â€" 1 November 1942), commonly referred to as <b>J. Norman Collie</b>, was a British scientist, mountaineer, and explorer.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="Life_and_work">Life and work</span></h2><br><br> <p>He was born in Alderley Edge, Cheshire, the second of four sons. In 1870 the family moved to Clifton, near Bristol, and John was educated initially at Windlesham in Surrey and then in 1873 at Charterhouse School. The family money had been made in the cotton trade, but in 1875 the American Civil War resulted in their financial ruin when their American stock was burnt. Collie had to leave Charterhouse and transfer to Clifton College, Bristol where he realised he was completely unsuited for the classics. He attended University College in Bristol and developed an interest in chemistry.</p> <p>He earned a PhD in chemistry under Johannes Wislicenus at Würzburg in 1884. Returning to England, he taught three years at Cheltenham Ladies College w</p>

J. Norman Collie

John Norman Collie FRS (10 September 1859 â€" 1 November 1942), commonly referred to as J. Norman Collie , was a British scientist, mo...

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Albert F. Mummery

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg62k7K26Uv3ovRmjPw66Ks3LBQU4h-xdJmCilywKrJF0ZnV7mU8l_2TY6pXOINxlbPzoY0V6bvaFjGzTpdrYggP_g_rivbvOhbXxv1904VHm3FCXcvKo95lbKSujgRCiKvKzp1HEr86pk/s1600/324px-Albert_Mummery-723376.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143672508468852290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg62k7K26Uv3ovRmjPw66Ks3LBQU4h-xdJmCilywKrJF0ZnV7mU8l_2TY6pXOINxlbPzoY0V6bvaFjGzTpdrYggP_g_rivbvOhbXxv1904VHm3FCXcvKo95lbKSujgRCiKvKzp1HEr86pk/s320/324px-Albert_Mummery-723376.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Albert Frederick Mummery</b> (10 September 1855, Dover, Kent, England â€" 24 August 1895, Nanga Parbat), was an English mountaineer and author. Although most notable for his many and varied first ascents put up in the Alps, Mummery, along with J. Norman Collie, Hastings, and two Gurkhas are also known to have been the first men in recorded history to have attempted to summit one of the Himalayan eight-thousanders - the fourteen highest peaks in the world.</p> <p>Their innovative, light-weight endeavour upon Nanga Parbat in 1895 was to prove ill-fated with Mummery and both Gurkhas having perished in an avalanche whilst reconnoitring the mountain's Rakhiot Face. The mountain would go on to earn its reputation as a "man-eater," as thirty-one men would lose their lives on its slopes before the first ascent was made by the legendary Austrian Mountaineer, Hermann Buhl, in 1953. Buhl described Mummery as "One of the greatest mountaineers of all time".</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="Life">Lif</span></h2>

Albert F. Mummery

Albert Frederick Mummery (10 September 1855, Dover, Kent, England â€" 24 August 1895, Nanga Parbat), was an English mountaineer and au...

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Earth

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijhOUWQKiy0GZk_Vv-6dIO2v5A8Ezp0uPb0rg-PAoHJL1ekLgZTqiRElCKH8oQeFntlLr2T_OZCdcyNVi8y_n1odcBIQ5nPVDWkWEKHa3Hbnp6G9V2yIh5ptJziK3mULfX6_SoiePl9sU/s1600/500px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17-722520.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143657041885235618" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijhOUWQKiy0GZk_Vv-6dIO2v5A8Ezp0uPb0rg-PAoHJL1ekLgZTqiRElCKH8oQeFntlLr2T_OZCdcyNVi8y_n1odcBIQ5nPVDWkWEKHa3Hbnp6G9V2yIh5ptJziK3mULfX6_SoiePl9sU/s320/500px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17-722520.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Earth</b>, also called <b>the world</b> and, less frequently, <b>Gaia</b> (and <b>Terra</b> in some works of science fiction) is the third planet from the Sun, the densest planet in the Solar System, the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets, and the only astronomical object known to accommodate life. The earliest life on Earth arose at least 3.5 billion years ago. Earth's biodiversity has expanded continually except when interrupted by mass extinctions. Although scholars estimate that over 99 percent of all species that ever lived on the planet are extinct, Earth is currently home to 10â€"14 million species of life, including over 7.3 billion humans who depend upon its biosphere and minerals. Earth's human population is divided among about two hundred sovereign states which interact through diplomacy, conflict, travel, trade and communication media.</p> <p>According to evidence from radiometric dating and other sources, Earth was formed around four and a half bi</p>

Earth

Earth , also called the world and, less frequently, Gaia (and Terra in some works of science fiction) is the third planet from the Sun, t...

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Khumbu

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhikbq7LozzdFwVAaKKJWT77CfTMyBVcnpPK1jcuFBGzkRHZLCcyH0hPDNu9_5U-hn6CQMxH6LsUBjj97WszgHc10mPht1bMffEb0BW9rs1hdURBIDWEb-GK3q7MqpUAXQY63ROJnsRmUk/s1600/500px-KarteKhumbu-722384.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143649310813138306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhikbq7LozzdFwVAaKKJWT77CfTMyBVcnpPK1jcuFBGzkRHZLCcyH0hPDNu9_5U-hn6CQMxH6LsUBjj97WszgHc10mPht1bMffEb0BW9rs1hdURBIDWEb-GK3q7MqpUAXQY63ROJnsRmUk/s320/500px-KarteKhumbu-722384.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Khumbu</b> (also known as the <b>Everest Region</b>) is a region of northeastern Nepal on the Nepalese side of Mount Everest. It is part of the Solukhumbu District, which in turn is part of the Sagarmatha Zone. Khumbu is one of three subregions of the main Khambu (specially Thulung) and Sherpa settlement of the Himalaya, the other two being Solu and Pharak. It includes the town of Namche Bazaar as well as the villages of Thame, Khumjung, Pangboche, Pheriche and Kunde. The famous Buddhist monastery at Tengboche is also located in the Khumbu.</p> <p>The Khumbu's elevation ranges from 3,300 metres (11,000 feet) to the 8,848 m (29,029 ft) summit of Mount Everest, the highest place on Earth. The Khumbu region includes both Sagarmatha National Park (above Monju) and the Sagarmatha National Park Buffer Zone, between Lukla and Monju.</p> <p>The Khumbu is a glacier believed to be the result of the last great Ice Age, ~500,000 years ago.</p> <p>Lonely Planet has ranked Khumbu region in </p>

Khumbu

Khumbu (also known as the Everest Region ) is a region of northeastern Nepal on the Nepalese side of Mount Everest. It is part of the Soluk...

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International Space Station

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUM-Pnl081WGPnIaKEQvsaAh00xNBSuHzvEuRM2eqDQAn2rhaHltKnSSHeSwNfNCUc4KRiEWS7Drd5FqJZ0xgdrvEgCchsjXh12LMJOuJH1d7kN1n_Tr9LgtHC99GNyDJYwRfsa2P2N0o/s1600/500px-International_Space_Station_after_undocking_of_STS-132-722444.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143641581350581154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUM-Pnl081WGPnIaKEQvsaAh00xNBSuHzvEuRM2eqDQAn2rhaHltKnSSHeSwNfNCUc4KRiEWS7Drd5FqJZ0xgdrvEgCchsjXh12LMJOuJH1d7kN1n_Tr9LgtHC99GNyDJYwRfsa2P2N0o/s320/500px-International_Space_Station_after_undocking_of_STS-132-722444.jpg"></a></p><p>The <b>International Space Station</b> (<b>ISS</b>) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. Now the largest artificial body in orbit, it can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurised modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. ISS components have been launched by American Space Shuttles as well as Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets.</p> <p>The ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which crew members conduct experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology and other fields. The station is suited for the testing of spacecraft systems and equipment required for missions to the Moon and Mars. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 and 435 km (205 and 270 mi) by means of reboost manoeuvres using the engines of the Zvezda module or visiting spacecraft. It</p>

International Space Station

The International Space Station ( ISS ) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular struct...

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List of peaks by prominence

<p>This is a list of mountain peaks ordered by their topographic prominence.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="Terminology">Terminology</span></h2><br><img alt="List of peaks by prominence" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Map_of_Ultras.png/360px-Map_of_Ultras.png" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" title="List of peaks by prominence"><br> <p>The prominence of a peak is the minimum height of climb to the summit on any route from a higher peak, or from sea level if there is no higher peak. The lowest point on that route is the col.</p> <p>For full definitions and explanations of <i>topographic prominence</i>, <i>key col</i>, and <i>parent</i>, see topographic prominence. In particular, the different definitions of the parent of a peak are addressed at length in that article. <i>Height</i> on the other hand simply means elevation of the summit above sea level.</p> <p>Regarding parents, the <i>prominence parent</i> of peak A can b</p>

List of peaks by prominence

This is a list of mountain peaks ordered by their topographic prominence. Terminology The prominence of a peak is the minimum height o...

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List of mountain passes

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiODQjlJ3yyns8lMtl0rct8YiuT2iCYkaovVoRXc71BmUlRRzol1qrDUl7UbCMovIoXtYuOKiJhUPX6VpycFa7uCN1tWqV1tYL10uXsBrj2gLG8a7i-Yz64G8kr6yngxAhSX6fIS6K4pV8/s1600/500px-Thorung_La-723117.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143618393056384930" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiODQjlJ3yyns8lMtl0rct8YiuT2iCYkaovVoRXc71BmUlRRzol1qrDUl7UbCMovIoXtYuOKiJhUPX6VpycFa7uCN1tWqV1tYL10uXsBrj2gLG8a7i-Yz64G8kr6yngxAhSX6fIS6K4pV8/s320/500px-Thorung_La-723117.jpg"></a></p><p>This is a <b>list of mountain passes</b>.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="Africa">Africa</span></h2><br><img alt="List of mountain passes" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Thorung_La.jpg/280px-Thorung_La.jpg" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" title="List of mountain passes"><br> <h3><span id="Egypt">Egypt</span></h3> <ul><li>Halfaya Pass (near Libya)</li> </ul><h3><span id="Lesotho">Lesotho</span></h3> <ul><li>Moteng Pass</li> <li>Mahlasela pass</li> <li>Sani Pass</li> </ul><h3><span id="Morocco">Morocco</span></h3> <ul><li>Tizi n'Tichka</li> </ul><h3><span id="South_Africa">South Africa</span></h3> <ul><li> <ul><li>Eastern Cape Passes</li> <li>Western Cape Passes</li> <li>Northern Cape Passes</li> <li>KwaZulu Natal Passes</li> <li>Free State Passes</li> <li>Limpopo Province Passes</li> <li>Mpumalanga Passes</li> <li>Gauteng Passes</li> <li>Northwest Province Passes</li> </ul></li> <li>Swartberg Pass (Western Cape)</li> <</ul>

List of mountain passes

This is a list of mountain passes . Africa Egypt Halfaya Pass (near Libya) Lesotho Moteng Pass Mahlasela pass Sani Pass Mo...

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List of mountain ranges

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw4RYtVTVIdgbl8RV2HJK7iP8WYFyMzpJlDIAB21idW0vFW9VQS2Q-DruDgfGaQBtpk4Wi3HhK4MNIEOTxSnwAvybnYnau_dptxROadICa4KjNgvU0OUV4yQZDpTsU0U3m4E7SwwTxyfY/s1600/500px-Physical_World_Map_2004-04-01-722600.jpeg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143602927475560706" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw4RYtVTVIdgbl8RV2HJK7iP8WYFyMzpJlDIAB21idW0vFW9VQS2Q-DruDgfGaQBtpk4Wi3HhK4MNIEOTxSnwAvybnYnau_dptxROadICa4KjNgvU0OUV4yQZDpTsU0U3m4E7SwwTxyfY/s320/500px-Physical_World_Map_2004-04-01-722600.jpeg"></a></p><p>This is a <b>list of mountain ranges</b> organized alphabetically by continent. Ranges on other astronomical bodies are listed afterward.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="Earth">Earth</span></h2><br><img alt="List of mountain ranges" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Physical_World_Map_2004-04-01.jpeg/400px-Physical_World_Map_2004-04-01.jpeg" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" title="List of mountain ranges"><br> <h3><span id="By_length">By length</span></h3> <ul><li>Andes - 7,000 km (4,300 mi)</li> <li>Rocky Mountains - 4,830 km (3,000 mi)</li> <li>Great Dividing Range - 3,500 km (2,200 mi)</li> <li>Transantarctic Mountains - 3,500 km (2,200 mi)</li> <li>Kunlun Mountains - 3,000 km (1,900 mi)</li> <li>Ural Mountains - 2,500 km (1,600 mi)</li> <li>Atlas Mountains - 2,500 km (1,553 mi)</li> <li>Appalachian Mountains - 2,414 km (1,500 mi)</li> <li>Himalaya - 2,400 km (1,491 mi)</li> <li>Altai Mountains - 2,00</li></ul>

List of mountain ranges

This is a list of mountain ranges organized alphabetically by continent. Ranges on other astronomical bodies are listed afterward. Eart...

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Comoros

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgplDtIzpa8fXGz1mdrMrE2pCThuo7BJlafIDa5wM0JNrP4JCEpjLq9OdVOjhrS2DBJajUUWnp3OzG_BGgfrsBAr2B3BpxtqwIGQKz5BC0pXXmEpwOeZdMiRyPEYAP0U_gHEaliTQ3wqQw/s1600/500px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg-722731.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143595198251910178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgplDtIzpa8fXGz1mdrMrE2pCThuo7BJlafIDa5wM0JNrP4JCEpjLq9OdVOjhrS2DBJajUUWnp3OzG_BGgfrsBAr2B3BpxtqwIGQKz5BC0pXXmEpwOeZdMiRyPEYAP0U_gHEaliTQ3wqQw/s320/500px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg-722731.png"></a></p><p>The <b>Comoros</b> (<span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span><span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span><span><span title="/É'/ short 'o' in 'body'">É'</span></span><span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span><span><span title="/É™r/ 'er' in 'finger'">É™r</span></span><span><span title="/oÊŠ/ long 'o' in 'bode'">oÊŠ</span></span><span><span title="'z' in 'zebra'">z</span></span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span></span>; Arabic: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جزر القمر</span>‎, <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic">Juzur al-Qumur / Qamar</span></i>), officially the <b>Union of the Comoros</b> (Comorian: <i>Udzima wa Komori,</i> French: <span lang="fr"><i>Union des Comores</i></span>, Arabic: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الاتحاد القمري</span>‎ <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic">al-Ittiḥād al-Qumurī / Q</span></i></p>

Comoros

The Comoros ( / ˈ k É' m É™r oÊŠ z / ; Arabic: جزر القمر ‎, Juzur al-Qumur / Qamar ), officially the Union of the Comoros ...

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Grande Comore

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgapMLO0Aen21TCOzt51WUOj9nHpyyoKSnr81dMt_qGiWExmXl-s4mEF9MItZO3rCsTC5x_thTvpj6Wo63uWpkT-E_QSI7JXkOU-lCZEVKIqSYrI_TGUM3v8ArDYIYaeVnkLG7wz_rwhqc/s1600/500px-Flag_of_Grande_Comore.svg-722572.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143587464563990370" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgapMLO0Aen21TCOzt51WUOj9nHpyyoKSnr81dMt_qGiWExmXl-s4mEF9MItZO3rCsTC5x_thTvpj6Wo63uWpkT-E_QSI7JXkOU-lCZEVKIqSYrI_TGUM3v8ArDYIYaeVnkLG7wz_rwhqc/s320/500px-Flag_of_Grande_Comore.svg-722572.png"></a></p><p><b>Grande Comore</b>, (in Swahili: <b>Ngazidja</b>,) is an island in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Africa. It is the largest island in the Comoros nation. Most of its population is of the Comorian ethnic group. Its population as of 2006 is about 316,600. The island's capital is Moroni, which is also the national capital. The island is made up of two shield volcanoes, with Mount Karthala being the country's highest point at 2,361 m (7,746 ft) above sea level. According to the 2009 revision of the constitution of 2002, it is governed by an elected Governor, as are the other islands, with the federal government being much reduced in power. The name Ngazidja is sometimes seen in the incorrect form Njazidja.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="History">History</span></h2><br><img title="Grande Comore" alt="Grande Comore" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Grande_Comore_in_Comoros.png/250px-Gra

Grande Comore

Grande Comore , (in Swahili: Ngazidja ,) is an island in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Africa. It is the largest island in the Comoros n...

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Mount Karthala

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikgMUfkonlWHqcFhzQxXJIQYXhl5o8tUcScccZ3VNcaU29rNfZMHYCgSmKznNJm3wUVU01XQw2xUWHnrd9KoAymdj5rkZpiEwtvmoAN2bTJtj5_lTBpN3xjT2qAUZhRrOWshYOr7AgBV0/s1600/500px-Karthala_volcano-Comoros-722709.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143579731466463474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikgMUfkonlWHqcFhzQxXJIQYXhl5o8tUcScccZ3VNcaU29rNfZMHYCgSmKznNJm3wUVU01XQw2xUWHnrd9KoAymdj5rkZpiEwtvmoAN2bTJtj5_lTBpN3xjT2qAUZhRrOWshYOr7AgBV0/s320/500px-Karthala_volcano-Comoros-722709.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Mount Karthala</b> or <b>Karthola</b> is an active volcano and the highest point of the Comoros at 2,361 m (7,746 ft) above sea level. It is the southernmost and larger of the two shield volcanoes forming Grande Comore island, the largest island in the nation of Comoros. The Karthala volcano is very active, having erupted more than 20 times since the 19th century. Frequent eruptions have shaped the volcano’s 3 km by 4 km summit caldera, but the island has largely escaped broad destruction. Eruptions on April 17, 2005 and May 29, 2006 ended a period of quiet.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="April_2005_eruption">April 2005 eruption</span></h2><br><img alt="Mount Karthala" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Karthala_MODIS_20051125.jpg/220px-Karthala_MODIS_20051125.jpg" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" title="Mount Karthala"><br> <p>The eruption, which carried a risk of lava flows and deadly volcanic gas, caused the e</p>

Mount Karthala

Mount Karthala or Karthola is an active volcano and the highest point of the Comoros at 2,361 m (7,746 ft) above sea level. It is the so...

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Réunion

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ4FAq9s4hEPvQ0zJjm5iA5t46abKHySgOXpMyTlBcVzD8MrcvW-Ug7sdesVEc7XheqnXnze_3_potci-329WoWIog5yaixIgryJrKfi3QaEmXBFtqT4lCNYjD2j6X1cIKSf7H9jMnQqw/s1600/500px-Flag_of_France.svg-721896.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143572000024548834" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ4FAq9s4hEPvQ0zJjm5iA5t46abKHySgOXpMyTlBcVzD8MrcvW-Ug7sdesVEc7XheqnXnze_3_potci-329WoWIog5yaixIgryJrKfi3QaEmXBFtqT4lCNYjD2j6X1cIKSf7H9jMnQqw/s320/500px-Flag_of_France.svg-721896.png"></a></p><p><b>Réunion</b> (French: <span lang="fr"><i>La Réunion</i></span>, <small>IPA: </small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[la ʁeynjÉ"̃]</span>; previously <i>ÃŽle Bourbon</i>) is a French island with a population of 840,974 inhabitants (as of January 2013) located in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) southwest of Mauritius, the nearest island.</p> <p>Administratively, Réunion is one of the overseas departments of France. Like the other overseas departments, Réunion is also one of the 27 regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic with the same status as those situated on the European mainland.</p> <p>Réunion is an outermost region of the European Union and, as an overseas department of France, a part of the Eurozone.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="History">History</span></h2><br><img title="Réunion" alt="Réunion" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;mar

Réunion

Réunion (French: La Réunion , IPA:  [la ʁeynjÉ"̃] ; previously ÃŽle Bourbon ) is a French island with a population of 840,974 inh...

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Piton des Neiges

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihgCxN5rDbFKus5IEvjZITIwpF7pbwfX26qRQ-L8ok7FbEfqBQEeyTlUYZBt0invtHhE6SwIqEoLaN9ufMoJViYpHEQSWsMbNYY6DpAZFnzbH0BzrNAQdVVlYzmnqtvjF9jT1MfH4PB_0/s1600/500px-Piton_des_neiges-722888.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143564271425796354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihgCxN5rDbFKus5IEvjZITIwpF7pbwfX26qRQ-L8ok7FbEfqBQEeyTlUYZBt0invtHhE6SwIqEoLaN9ufMoJViYpHEQSWsMbNYY6DpAZFnzbH0BzrNAQdVVlYzmnqtvjF9jT1MfH4PB_0/s320/500px-Piton_des_neiges-722888.jpg"></a></p><p><br></p> <p>The <b>Piton des Neiges</b> (Snow Peak) is a massive 3,069 m (10,069 ft) shield volcano on Réunion, one of the French volcanic islands in the Mascarene Archipelago in the southwestern Indian Ocean. It is located about 800 kilometres (500 mi) east of Madagascar. Piton des Neiges is the highest point on Réunion and is considered to be the highest point in the Indian Ocean. The volcano was formed by the Réunion hotspot and emerged from the sea about two million years ago. Now deeply eroded, the volcano has been inactive for 20,000 years and is surrounded by three massive crater valleys, the Cirques. Piton des Neiges forms the northwestern two thirds of Réunion, with the very active Piton de la Fournaise comprising the rest. Despite its name, snow (French: <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"><i>neige</i></span>) practically never falls on the summit.</p> <p>The volcanic island is considered to be about three million years old (Pliocene); the other two islands in the archip</p>

Piton des Neiges

The Piton des Neiges (Snow Peak) is a massive 3,069 m (10,069 ft) shield volcano on Réunion, one of the French volcanic islands in the...

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Falkland Islands

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuMOaeGEcgmH-p03Rhf1X8LElyWRw2jMLhbod8ko9r53tKfH9oaNVzct4IkCqqTtn6EaNwr_H9bleedo1gCu9zVt8cK8RflCDUAKK_TTNWIy_5QA1WeGPbFrhApkqn6wPLT3ktQHH4WcY/s1600/500px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg-722561.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143556544455328466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuMOaeGEcgmH-p03Rhf1X8LElyWRw2jMLhbod8ko9r53tKfH9oaNVzct4IkCqqTtn6EaNwr_H9bleedo1gCu9zVt8cK8RflCDUAKK_TTNWIy_5QA1WeGPbFrhApkqn6wPLT3ktQHH4WcY/s320/500px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg-722561.png"></a></p><p>The <b>Falkland Islands</b> (<span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span><span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span><span><span title="/É" ë / 'au' in 'fraud'">É"ː</span></span><span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span><span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span><span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span><span><span title="/É™n/ 'on' in 'button'">É™n</span></span><span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span></span>; Spanish: <span lang="es" xml:lang="es"><i>Islas Malvinas</i></span> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[malˈβinas]</span>) are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about 300 miles (480 km) east of South America's southern Patagonian coast, at a latitude of about </p>

Falkland Islands

The Falkland Islands ( / ˈ f É"ː l k l É™n d / ; Spanish: Islas Malvinas [malˈβinas] ) are an archipelago in the South Atlantic O...

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East Falkland

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq-edFS7ylwzfFMnVM8yWH5cK-pPFPqRjTjxQbSt66IEp5e4FWlfTE5eC23G0LsH9zBu5bYhbjzXRH_8iNpj8M73uVFbNpMMjDbr9jM_McWG6tywHfBMmrSbUAniEUT_6s1ZJayqzAE70/s1600/500px-Falkland_Islands_-_East_Falkland.svg-723274.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143548812993981890" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq-edFS7ylwzfFMnVM8yWH5cK-pPFPqRjTjxQbSt66IEp5e4FWlfTE5eC23G0LsH9zBu5bYhbjzXRH_8iNpj8M73uVFbNpMMjDbr9jM_McWG6tywHfBMmrSbUAniEUT_6s1ZJayqzAE70/s320/500px-Falkland_Islands_-_East_Falkland.svg-723274.png"></a></p><p><b>East Falkland</b> (Spanish: <span lang="es" xml:lang="es"><i>Isla Soledad</i></span>) is the largest island of the Falklands in the South Atlantic having an area of 6,605 km² (2,550 square miles) or 54% of the total area of the Falklands. The island consists of two main land masses, the more southerly of which is known as Lafonia, joined by a narrow isthmus that was the scene of the Battle of Goose Green during the Falklands War.</p> <p>The two main centres of population in the Falklands, Stanley and Mount Pleasant, both of which are in the northern half of East Falkand are home to three quarters of the island's population.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="Geography">Geography</span></h2><br><img alt="East Falkland" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Falkland_Islands_-_East_Falkland.svg/250px-Falkland_Islands_-_East_Falkland.svg.png" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" title="East Falkland"><br> <p>East Falkand,</p>

East Falkland

East Falkland (Spanish: Isla Soledad ) is the largest island of the Falklands in the South Atlantic having an area of 6,605 km 2 (2,550 s...

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Mount Usborne

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKhDMWFoDJlQQJhA7afbkdK4-OHxhnB-RMM4Sdkj5lCU9luaZnX41792FFIy5m7LDrIHfqnvgGKTo6kU_fNBvJcTcBa0-XsLluI_wSpa6CcjVI8khdo6c0aYoo068xTJBXNY3IFAp2SPA/s1600/500px-Relief_Map_of_Falkland_Islands-723588.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143541088289397282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKhDMWFoDJlQQJhA7afbkdK4-OHxhnB-RMM4Sdkj5lCU9luaZnX41792FFIy5m7LDrIHfqnvgGKTo6kU_fNBvJcTcBa0-XsLluI_wSpa6CcjVI8khdo6c0aYoo068xTJBXNY3IFAp2SPA/s320/500px-Relief_Map_of_Falkland_Islands-723588.png"></a></p><p><b>Mount Usborne</b> Spanish: <span lang="es" xml:lang="es"><i>Cerro Alberdi</i></span> is a mountain on East Falkland. At 705 metres (2,313 ft) above sea level, it is the highest point in the Falkland Islands.</p> <p>The mountain is referenced by Charles Darwin in Chapter 9 of the <i>Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle</i> and is named after Alexander Burns Usborne, Master's Assistant on HMS Beagle, the ship that took Darwin on his famous voyage.</p> <p>The remains of glacial cirques can also be seen on Mount Usborne. It is only a few metres taller than Mount Adam on West Falkland.</p> <p>As one of the highest mountains of the Falklands, it experienced some glaciation. The handful of mountains over 2,000 feet (610 m) have:</p> <dl><dd><i>"pronounced corries with small glacial lakes at the their bases, morainic ridges deposited below the corries suggest that the glaciers and ice domes were confined to areas of maximum elevation with other parts of the islands experiencing a perigl</i></dd></dl>

Mount Usborne

Mount Usborne Spanish: Cerro Alberdi is a mountain on East Falkland. At 705 metres (2,313 ft) above sea level, it is the highest point in...

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São Tomé Island

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSKatfpuOm25uG6YeOVKradHr3f5HpndU0OypTdZ2OUyvqwddPwI3DIIFId3BkyPvRySxaWulZThgrDzJ7N1QQxzfF1WRMrQukQ-4FrY2uBBJ8rw-cXi_nySJItPIKHlnXgGxMBpw9-HI/s1600/Tp-map-722901.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143533348089363538" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSKatfpuOm25uG6YeOVKradHr3f5HpndU0OypTdZ2OUyvqwddPwI3DIIFId3BkyPvRySxaWulZThgrDzJ7N1QQxzfF1WRMrQukQ-4FrY2uBBJ8rw-cXi_nySJItPIKHlnXgGxMBpw9-HI/s320/Tp-map-722901.png"></a></p><p><b>São Tomé Island</b>, at 854 km² (330 sq mi), is the largest island of São Tomé and Príncipe and is home in 2009 to about 157,000 or 96% of the nation's population. This island and smaller nearby islets make up São Tomé Province, which is divided into six districts. The main island is located 2 km (1¼ miles) north of the equator. It is about 48 km (30 mi) long (North-South) by 32 km (20 mi) wide (east-west). It rises to 2,024 m (6,639 ft) at Pico de São Tomé and includes the capital city, São Tomé, on the northeast coast. The nearest city on mainland Africa is the port city of Port Gentil in Gabon located 240 km (150 mi) to the east.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="Languages">Languages</span></h2><br><img alt="São Tomé Island" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tp-map.png/220px-Tp-map.png" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" title="São Tomé Island"><br> <p>The main language is Portugues</p>

São Tomé Island

São Tomé Island , at 854 km 2 (330 sq mi), is the largest island of São Tomé and Príncipe and is home in 2009 to about 157,000 or 9...

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Pico de São Tomé

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY268AqsJ0xDgkSGfxo6vOIvDTq_ls9idAgeLgugoldnb4d8r5imtYdxByMC3xbdoXZZj7JpjHsSMY84oEWzxmSALYjwfwPF-zZrQKD_Tc1vPDqFqQSgJdDaumf2knwLT15TV-ENrjjGI/s1600/357px-S%2525C3%2525A3o_Tom%2525C3%2525A9_and_Pr%2525C3%2525ADncipe_physical_map.svg-724432.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143525626139466530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY268AqsJ0xDgkSGfxo6vOIvDTq_ls9idAgeLgugoldnb4d8r5imtYdxByMC3xbdoXZZj7JpjHsSMY84oEWzxmSALYjwfwPF-zZrQKD_Tc1vPDqFqQSgJdDaumf2knwLT15TV-ENrjjGI/s320/357px-S%2525C3%2525A3o_Tom%2525C3%2525A9_and_Pr%2525C3%2525ADncipe_physical_map.svg-724432.png"></a></p><p><b>Pico de São Tomé</b> is the highest mountain in São Tomé and Príncipe at 2,024 metres. It lies just west of the centre of São Tomé Island in the Obo National Park. The second highest point, Pico Ana Chaves, lies to its south east. The mountain is forested and accessible only on foot.</p> <p>The entire island of São Tomé is a massive shield volcano which rises from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, over 3,000 m (10,000 ft) below sea level. It formed along the Cameroon line, a linear rift zone extending from Cameroon southwest into the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the lava erupted on São Tomé over the last million years has been basalt. The youngest dated rock on the island is about 100,000 years old, but numerous more recent cinder cones are found on the southeast side of the island.</p> <h2><span id="References">References</span></h2><br><img title="Pico de São Tomé" alt="Pico de São Tomé" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" src="ht

Pico de São Tomé

Pico de São Tomé is the highest mountain in São Tomé and Príncipe at 2,024 metres. It lies just west of the centre of São Tomé Islan...

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Saint Helena

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZGHxRqvreJCo_E0qb8_vIcvb9dgPhgf00K-dgrArQsPqI5pChpkapZaFPZUc1M3e_IkVoZGLQl8BM1QHcfMWJj3NkydMd1uP4aAUJyMMnOmKFq-zlBpe4s0keAK7BYbv5WkWp0ftUoaA/s1600/500px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg-723399.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143517895136385122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZGHxRqvreJCo_E0qb8_vIcvb9dgPhgf00K-dgrArQsPqI5pChpkapZaFPZUc1M3e_IkVoZGLQl8BM1QHcfMWJj3NkydMd1uP4aAUJyMMnOmKFq-zlBpe4s0keAK7BYbv5WkWp0ftUoaA/s320/500px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg-723399.png"></a></p><p><b>Saint Helena</b> (<span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span><span title="/ˌ/ secondary stress follows">ˌ</span></span><span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span><span><span title="/eɪ/ long 'a' in 'base'">eɪ</span></span><span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span><span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span> <span></span><span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span></span><span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span><span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span><span><span title="/iː/ long 'e' in 'bead'">iː</span></span><span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span><span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span></span> <span title="English pronunciation respelling"><i><b><span><span><span>SAYNT</span></span></span></b>-hə-<b><span><span><span>L</span></span></span></b></i></span></p>

Saint Helena

Saint Helena ( / ˌ s eɪ n t h ə ˈ l iː n ə / SAYNT -hə- L

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Tristan da Cunha

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4udTZnD500f0Cbtf5Z7SjVrBLUVtmrOuqlqvDaXRZIBaIndyLUqjysdfMXGILHtclGAIfJ3h3mjK9Uws8Mc-T2yvOuADYQX-WrJSicXLj27tKKg_rSBJOGSRp6HjEEGC1mxVucTUtm8Y/s1600/500px-Flag_of_Tristan_da_Cunha.svg-723281.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143510158403313634" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4udTZnD500f0Cbtf5Z7SjVrBLUVtmrOuqlqvDaXRZIBaIndyLUqjysdfMXGILHtclGAIfJ3h3mjK9Uws8Mc-T2yvOuADYQX-WrJSicXLj27tKKg_rSBJOGSRp6HjEEGC1mxVucTUtm8Y/s320/500px-Flag_of_Tristan_da_Cunha.svg-723281.png"></a></p><p><b>Tristan da Cunha</b> <span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span><span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span><span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span></span><span><span title="/ɪ/ short 'i' in 'bid'">ɪ</span></span><span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span><span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span><span><span title="/ən/ 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span> <span></span><span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span><span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span> <span></span><span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span><span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span><span><span title="/uː/ long 'oo' in 'food'">uː</span></span><span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span><span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span></span>, coll</p>

Tristan da Cunha

Tristan da Cunha / ˈ t r ɪ s t ən d ə ˈ k uː n ə / , coll

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Queen Mary's Peak

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzsoMsl0EKxDN3UVV_Rn3cIAaXZW2F7eVRmIjLRyIp8PsAGEunVBPC5pBgs7v9RZz9dobwAdLjhG9usPH5GwB2BL61OTXGmc9OKIE-9jyHHpa_p2TgMnBi9YhVFEIc9vkhjGPRrzPnp1A/s1600/500px-Tristan_da_Cunha_ASTER-722966.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143502429393366994" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzsoMsl0EKxDN3UVV_Rn3cIAaXZW2F7eVRmIjLRyIp8PsAGEunVBPC5pBgs7v9RZz9dobwAdLjhG9usPH5GwB2BL61OTXGmc9OKIE-9jyHHpa_p2TgMnBi9YhVFEIc9vkhjGPRrzPnp1A/s320/500px-Tristan_da_Cunha_ASTER-722966.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Queen Mary's Peak</b> is the summit of the island of Tristan da Cunha, in the South Atlantic Ocean. It has an elevation of 2,062 metres (6,765 ft) above sea level. It is named after Mary of Teck, the Queen consort of King George V. It is the highest point of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.</p> <p>The mountain is the peak of the massive shield volcano which forms the island. A 300 m (1,000 ft) wide summit crater caps the peak, and it contains a heart-shaped crater lake. This lake is normally frozen during the winter, and the upper slopes of the volcano are covered in snow.</p> <p>The only recorded historical eruption occurred in 1961 from a vent on the north shore of the island. The island community had to be evacuated.</p> <p>Queen Mary's Peak was used by sailors on the route from Europe to the Indian Ocean and beyond as a navigational aid. In the 17th century the East India Company instructed captains to sail via Tristan. In 200</p>

Queen Mary's Peak

Queen Mary's Peak is the summit of the island of Tristan da Cunha, in the South Atlantic Ocean. It has an elevation of 2,062 metres (6,...

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Azores

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVsTTINGFcds1ujR8_B_Tqum3o0is_fF7_SK9LVkVdk4Ns2wOVMI-GnfWMquJ1MbD3rLm-P2Cyo8_-kfRJggZjMXJqj3AV9ThWLGa4Wjh0fbSLl_h6IbHQ5a9KuT2J1j-Gkumun7rpueo/s1600/500px-Azoren_%25252814%252529-722743.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143494704722555970" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVsTTINGFcds1ujR8_B_Tqum3o0is_fF7_SK9LVkVdk4Ns2wOVMI-GnfWMquJ1MbD3rLm-P2Cyo8_-kfRJggZjMXJqj3AV9ThWLGa4Wjh0fbSLl_h6IbHQ5a9KuT2J1j-Gkumun7rpueo/s320/500px-Azoren_%25252814%252529-722743.jpg"></a></p><p>The <b>Azores</b> (<span><small>UK</small> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span><span title="/É™/ 'a' in 'about'">É™</span></span><span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span><span><span title="'z' in 'Zion'">z</span></span><span><span title="/É" r / 'or' in 'born'">É"r</span></span><span><span title="'z' in 'Zion'">z</span></span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span></span> <span title="English pronunciation respelling"><i>É™-<b><span><span><span>ZORZ</span></span></span></b></i></span>, <span><small>US</small> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span><span><span title="/eɪ/ long 'a' in 'base'">eɪ</span></span><span><span title="'z' in 'Zion'">z</span></span><span><span title="/É" r / 'or' in 'born'">É"r</span></span><span><span title="'z' in 'Zion'">z</span></span><s</span></p>

Azores

The Azores ( UK / É™ ˈ z É"r z / É™- ZORZ , US / ˈ eɪ z É"r z pan title="Representation in the International Phonetic ...

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Mount Pico

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjfyqOoVEOP-dZFwfQQzUdQICi2djgFNxtt4kPFuPjYERPofAZmvEhvu-supWY-rgObtZNpnbpicbR0G9cF085RUWvVq-_drwA9HYo6XAskTbKN2MiNNChwL5xn81hMyfqYo2Pvcmik0E/s1600/500px-2010-08-09_Ponta_do_Pico_01-722544.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143486968149715058" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjfyqOoVEOP-dZFwfQQzUdQICi2djgFNxtt4kPFuPjYERPofAZmvEhvu-supWY-rgObtZNpnbpicbR0G9cF085RUWvVq-_drwA9HYo6XAskTbKN2MiNNChwL5xn81hMyfqYo2Pvcmik0E/s320/500px-2010-08-09_Ponta_do_Pico_01-722544.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Mount Pico</b> (Portuguese: <span lang="pt" xml:lang="pt"><i>Montanha do Pico</i></span>) is a stratovolcano and the highest mountain of Portugal, located on the island of Pico, in the mid-Atlantic archipelago of the Azores. It is situated at 2,351 metres (7,713 ft) above sea level, it is one of the highest Atlantic mountains; it is more than twice the elevation of any other peak in the Azores.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="History">History</span></h2><br><img alt="Mount Pico" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Pico_Island_-_Russell_%26_Purrington_-_A_Whaling_Voyage_'Round_the_World,_1848_-_Museu_dos_Baleeiros.JPG/235px-Pico_Island_-_Russell_%26_Purrington_-_A_Whaling_Voyage_'Round_the_World,_1848_-_Museu_dos_Baleeiros.JPG" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" title="Mount Pico"><br> <p>Historical eruptions of Pico have occurred from vents on its flanks rather than the summit crater. In 1562â€"64, an eruption on the</p>

Mount Pico

Mount Pico (Portuguese: Montanha do Pico ) is a stratovolcano and the highest mountain of Portugal, located on the island of Pico, in the m...

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Fogo, Cape Verde

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFJjSVWA8NFpcEDLyzE3YL04QZMm9mLtAjAkhvv1oEly9xj65SQkHYwP-MnkrGJmZHIwsdsrBJTQdu-aXqdomvmoqcb2Z2iygxqnNUuJrrDRm_2qDVsckfyJaPrjLuBrMjafsFAYUOS3Q/s1600/Bela-vista-net-Fogo-map-723442.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143463781734936642" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFJjSVWA8NFpcEDLyzE3YL04QZMm9mLtAjAkhvv1oEly9xj65SQkHYwP-MnkrGJmZHIwsdsrBJTQdu-aXqdomvmoqcb2Z2iygxqnNUuJrrDRm_2qDVsckfyJaPrjLuBrMjafsFAYUOS3Q/s320/Bela-vista-net-Fogo-map-723442.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Fogo</b> (Portuguese for "fire") is the most prominent island of the Sotavento group of Cape Verde: it rises to nearly 3,000 m (10,000 ft) above sea level at its summit, Pico do Fogo.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="History">History</span></h2><br><img alt="Fogo, Cape Verde" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bela-vista-net-Fogo-map.jpg/220px-Bela-vista-net-Fogo-map.jpg" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" title="Fogo, Cape Verde"><br> <p>Fogo was discovered in 1460 by a Genovese captain António Noli on behalf of Henry the Navigator and the Portuguese Crown, and was first called <i>São Filipe</i>, meaning Saint Philip in Portuguese. It gained its current fiery name before the 1680 eruption, since a madrigal "The Andalusian Merchant" by Thomas Weelkes, who died in 1623, sings "how strangely Fogo burns, amidst an ocean full of flying fishes".</p> <p>There are now two cities in the island: São Filipe and Mosteiros.</p> <p

Fogo, Cape Verde

Fogo (Portuguese for "fire") is the most prominent island of the Sotavento group of Cape Verde: it rises to nearly 3,000 m (10,00...

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Teide

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_vSTIiBO2WBt6tkj3bgIlyggbeLu4PN5Ob11P8xtu7w1Eux_vNLQHpT_lVgB8DNdLWinssFZA3J7KfABDko17HIXDrgSf3VDVJbqxrK9aa3LxaZUbUqvPtSVd1YljX00sLdVaI1qIpt0/s1600/500px-Teide_a%2525C3%2525B1o_2011-723594.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143432847051670530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_vSTIiBO2WBt6tkj3bgIlyggbeLu4PN5Ob11P8xtu7w1Eux_vNLQHpT_lVgB8DNdLWinssFZA3J7KfABDko17HIXDrgSf3VDVJbqxrK9aa3LxaZUbUqvPtSVd1YljX00sLdVaI1qIpt0/s320/500px-Teide_a%2525C3%2525B1o_2011-723594.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Mount Teide</b> (Spanish: <span lang="es" xml:lang="es"><i>Pico del Teide</i></span>, <small>IPA: </small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈpiko ðel ˈteiðe]</span>, "Teide Peak") is a volcano on Tenerife in the Canary Islands. Its 3,718-metre (12,198 ft) summit is the highest point in Spain and the highest point above sea level in the islands of the Atlantic. At 7,500 m (24,600 ft) from its base on the ocean floor, it is the highest volcano on a volcanic ocean island in the world after Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa and others in Hawaii. Its elevation makes Tenerife the tenth highest island in the world. It remains active: its most recent eruption occurred in 1909 from the El Chinyero vent on the northwestern Santiago rift. The United Nations Committee for Disaster Mitigation designated Teide a Decade Volcano because of its history of destructive eruptions and its proximity to several large towns, of which the closest are Garachico, Icod de</p>

Teide

Mount Teide (Spanish: Pico del Teide , IPA:  [ˈpiko ðel ˈteiðe] , "Teide Peak") is a volcano on Tenerife in the Canary Islan...

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Monte Sarmiento

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiPvTIaDJQTa6QvmvrvsUy5LHmoV4LaT3oMsnB-oJRkzKCnASvCMSmHsB1HZ0rMV45QbNKrxnZd9KwbmpWCQl_-2Vcoc8q5mnMxkG8LYNk6RafYsr2ewXq0vRtDLAZzwaPUXIz5-6GA-8/s1600/500px-Monte_Sarmiento_in_the_distance-724051.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143425123458792370" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiPvTIaDJQTa6QvmvrvsUy5LHmoV4LaT3oMsnB-oJRkzKCnASvCMSmHsB1HZ0rMV45QbNKrxnZd9KwbmpWCQl_-2Vcoc8q5mnMxkG8LYNk6RafYsr2ewXq0vRtDLAZzwaPUXIz5-6GA-8/s320/500px-Monte_Sarmiento_in_the_distance-724051.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Monte Sarmiento</b> is a pyramidal peak with a glaciated saddle-shaped summit located within Alberto de Agostini National Park, in the Chilean portion of Tierra del Fuego. It rises abruptly from the east shore of the Magdalena Channel and marks the western border of the Cordillera Darwin. The mountain is frequently shrouded in clouds, but when it is visible is "the most sublime spectacle in Tierra del Fuego" according to the words of Charles Darwin, one of the many people who have been captivated by the beauty of this mountain.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="History">History</span></h2><br><img alt="Monte Sarmiento" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Monte_Sarmiento_in_the_distance.jpg/280px-Monte_Sarmiento_in_the_distance.jpg" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" title="Monte Sarmiento"><br> <p>The mountain was called "Volcán Nevado" (Snowy Volcano) by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, who thought it was a volcano. Phillip Park</p>

Monte Sarmiento

Monte Sarmiento is a pyramidal peak with a glaciated saddle-shaped summit located within Alberto de Agostini National Park, in the Chilean ...

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Villarrica (volcano)

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiI6tGbyqM_2a9RaozdCG_ZuZ7q_1jFiTPUYCTd90Yme5xUDCA5KxsGtvwC6Js2myNd8HIzNnPpGU_DXCjJvszOPNtXTOwI7Hf49ln_fn75OuitkieH_pqVJqx4GIcqPARKPKg3eBXHG0/s1600/500px-Volc%2525C3%2525A1n_y_lago_Villarrica-724022.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143417390102745266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiI6tGbyqM_2a9RaozdCG_ZuZ7q_1jFiTPUYCTd90Yme5xUDCA5KxsGtvwC6Js2myNd8HIzNnPpGU_DXCjJvszOPNtXTOwI7Hf49ln_fn75OuitkieH_pqVJqx4GIcqPARKPKg3eBXHG0/s320/500px-Volc%2525C3%2525A1n_y_lago_Villarrica-724022.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Villarrica</b> (<span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span><span title="/ˌ/ secondary stress follows">ˌ</span></span><span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span></span><span><span title="/iː/ long 'e' in 'bead'">iː</span></span><span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span><span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span></span><span><span title="/iː/ long 'e' in 'bead'">iː</span></span><span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span><span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span></span> <span title="English pronunciation respelling"><i><b><span><span><span>VEE</span></span></span></b>-ə-<b><span><span><span>REE</span></span></span></b>-kə</i></span>) (Spanish: <span lang="es" xml:lang="es"><i>Volcán Villarrica</i></span>, Mapudungun: <span lang="arn" xml:lang="arn"><i</span></p>

Villarrica (volcano)

Villarrica ( / ˌ v iː ə ˈ r iː k ə / VEE -ə- REE -kə ) (Spanish: Volcán Villarrica , Mapudungun: >Ruka Pillañ ) is one of Chi...

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Cerro Torre

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB9zF-r7rfp5H0rM9lC79LERfp81wSlFqLS-WdAQJFhwIYK3XLc80ijSwqviG7_b68OHH8FTwLGAFB2gcGQZ-43czNMF6BpxOw26KjLicUenA3QFGCZ6MF9UlRW_6BeHlZk92_SrxxZiQ/s1600/337px-Cerro_torre_1987-724175.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143401929371468658" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB9zF-r7rfp5H0rM9lC79LERfp81wSlFqLS-WdAQJFhwIYK3XLc80ijSwqviG7_b68OHH8FTwLGAFB2gcGQZ-43czNMF6BpxOw26KjLicUenA3QFGCZ6MF9UlRW_6BeHlZk92_SrxxZiQ/s320/337px-Cerro_torre_1987-724175.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Cerro Torre</b> is one of the mountains of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field in South America. It is located in the border between Argentina and Chile, west of Cerro Chaltén (also known as Fitz Roy). The peak is the highest in a four mountain chain: the other peaks are Torre Egger (2,685 m), Punta Herron, and Cerro Standhardt. The top of the mountain often has a mushroom of rime ice, formed by the constant strong winds, increasing the difficulty of reaching the actual summit.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="First_ascent">First ascent</span></h2><br><br> <p>Cesare Maestri claimed in 1959 that he and Toni Egger had reached the summit and that Egger had been swept to his death by an avalanche while they were descending. Maestri declared that Egger had the camera with the pictures of the summit, but this camera was never found. Inconsistencies in Maestri's account, and the lack of bolts, pitons or fixed ropes on the route, have led most mountaineers to doubt Maestri's claim. In 2005, Erma</p>

Cerro Torre

Cerro Torre is one of the mountains of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field in South America. It is located in the border between Argentina an...

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Fitz Roy

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNKOUaCzPIb2jy4qPzDiKN8BK6ilfQD3tfznxa_bHoDfUwnlWhUYudKhkbmqmsMG-uaoc-autLbTiDgSCBy3mJx-X_IRoiAFZ-oUWmpfchK_VTgCHcRqXF6gwklYnDH4cFO74qruNQVLs/s1600/500px-Fitz_Roy_Chalten_Argentina_Todor_Bozhinov_2013-723427.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143394199081647186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNKOUaCzPIb2jy4qPzDiKN8BK6ilfQD3tfznxa_bHoDfUwnlWhUYudKhkbmqmsMG-uaoc-autLbTiDgSCBy3mJx-X_IRoiAFZ-oUWmpfchK_VTgCHcRqXF6gwklYnDH4cFO74qruNQVLs/s320/500px-Fitz_Roy_Chalten_Argentina_Todor_Bozhinov_2013-723427.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Monte Fitz Roy</b> (also known as <b>Cerro Chaltén</b>, <b>Cerro Fitz Roy</b>, or simply <b>Mount Fitz Roy</b>) is a mountain located near El Chaltén village, in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field in Patagonia, on the border between Argentina and Chile. First climbed in 1952 by French alpinists Lionel Terray and Guido Magnone, it remains among the most technically challenging mountains on Earth for mountaineers.</p> <p>Monte Fitz Roy is the basis for the Patagonia clothing logo following Yvon Chouinard's ascent and subsequent film in 1968.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="Discovery">Discovery</span></h2><br><br> <p>Argentine explorer Francisco Moreno first saw the mountain on 2 March 1877. He named it Fitz Roy, in honour of Robert FitzRoy, who, as captain of the HMS <i>Beagle</i> had travelled up the Santa Cruz River in 1834 and charted large parts of the Patagonian coast.</p> <p><i>Cerro</i> is a Spanish word meaning hill, while <i>Chaltén</i> comes from a Tehuelche (Aonikenk) word m</p>

Fitz Roy

Monte Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chaltén , Cerro Fitz Roy , or simply Mount Fitz Roy ) is a mountain located near El Chaltén village, ...

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Tronador

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4AgJ6C0GzP0oms6d9KQyiBO95PW-FHPREDJcfuRWV0HLv84EhFxTOHcp_oJgoe6I_5YpF50eHGRDBPgBrPisvOkCLOHXk5-wnNqzVWLRDYzPnOqoM1DhU273yoP_yCLtBVh4UPIACw6g/s1600/500px-Cerro_tronador_desde_lago_mascardi_01b-722548.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143386469143770850" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4AgJ6C0GzP0oms6d9KQyiBO95PW-FHPREDJcfuRWV0HLv84EhFxTOHcp_oJgoe6I_5YpF50eHGRDBPgBrPisvOkCLOHXk5-wnNqzVWLRDYzPnOqoM1DhU273yoP_yCLtBVh4UPIACw6g/s320/500px-Cerro_tronador_desde_lago_mascardi_01b-722548.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Tronador</b> is an extinct stratovolcano in the southern Andes, located along the border between Argentina and Chile, near the Argentine city of Bariloche. The mountain was named <i>Tronador</i> (Spanish for <i>Thunderer</i>) by locals in reference to the sound of falling seracs. With an altitude of 3,470 m, Tronador stands more than 1000 m above nearby mountains in the Andean massif, making it a popular mountaineering destination. Located inside two National Parks, Nahuel Huapi in Argentina and Vicente Pérez Rosales in Chile, Tronador hosts a total of eight glaciers, which are currently retreating due to warming of the upper troposphere.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="Geography_and_geology">Geography and geology</span></h2><br><br> <p>Tronador is located in the Wet Andes, a zone of high precipitations in form of both snow and rain. The humid temperate climate of the southern Andes allows several glaciers to develop due to high accumulation rates. Most of the precipitation is produce</p>

Tronador

Tronador is an extinct stratovolcano in the southern Andes, located along the border between Argentina and Chile, near the Argentine city o...

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Cerro El Plomo

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk_tiZQweyB97ndAotRY8l5IhzBo7WgvIFNRqSPO0qpURx0SksPhx_fHr8o6vonagVyc_Uun0CFQ2sqLqHNOtpKF3O06iT0nnjls3_YQd7_JlpIKojPCb9o1GtTZZvSy-JyzP3S95g6C8/s1600/500px-Cerro_del_Plomo_from_the_south-west-721655.jpeg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143363264986939378" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk_tiZQweyB97ndAotRY8l5IhzBo7WgvIFNRqSPO0qpURx0SksPhx_fHr8o6vonagVyc_Uun0CFQ2sqLqHNOtpKF3O06iT0nnjls3_YQd7_JlpIKojPCb9o1GtTZZvSy-JyzP3S95g6C8/s320/500px-Cerro_del_Plomo_from_the_south-west-721655.jpeg"></a></p><p><b>Cerro El Plomo</b> is a mountain located in the Andes near Santiago, Chile. With an elevation of 5,434 m (17,783 ft), it is the largest peak visible from Santiago on clear days. The adequate season to climb this mountain is between November and March. In spring (September to November), soil conditions have abundant snow on the approach. The best time is in January and March, where the approach is snow free, except for some specific areas, and the climate is more stable. The incas climbed to its summit periodically in the 15th century. The first European ascent of the mountain was by Gustav Brandt and Rudolph Lucke in 1896.</p> <p>During a flight from Santiago, Chile, to Mendoza, Argentina, on 16 July 1932, the Pan American-Grace Airways (Panagra) Ford Trimotor <i>San José</i> crashed on Cerro El Plomo during a severe snowstorm, killing all nine people on board. Buried in ice and snow, its wreckage remained undiscovered until March 1934.</p> <p></p> <h2><span id="Mummy">Mummy</</span></h2>

Cerro El Plomo

Cerro El Plomo is a mountain located in the Andes near Santiago, Chile. With an elevation of 5,434 m (17,783 ft), it is the largest peak v...

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Llullaillaco

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoll4NsApT2WFYP_-mKI_FPF4QPj4EV_rrmeKYEZ6gK0KGcGemE3l6rPLuYRWmwM72gZ2dbp6FSOL2AIP6HkwxMFTuCn4gdvV781O4iSo4DaL1NAXCD72b40ikx3h5VW7hhuRdddyy7y0/s1600/Habitat_du_Chinchilla_brevicaudata_-_Lllullaillaco-721335.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143347810091585794" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoll4NsApT2WFYP_-mKI_FPF4QPj4EV_rrmeKYEZ6gK0KGcGemE3l6rPLuYRWmwM72gZ2dbp6FSOL2AIP6HkwxMFTuCn4gdvV781O4iSo4DaL1NAXCD72b40ikx3h5VW7hhuRdddyy7y0/s320/Habitat_du_Chinchilla_brevicaudata_-_Lllullaillaco-721335.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Llullaillaco</b> is a potentially active stratovolcano at the border of Argentina (Salta Province) and Chile. It lies in the Puna de Atacama, a region of very high volcanic peaks on a high plateau within the Atacama Desert, one of the driest places in the world. It is the fourth highest volcano in the world, and it is also the seventh highest mountain of the Andes.</p> <p>Llullaillaco follows the typical Puna de Atacama volcano pattern: it is surrounded by large debris fields and is perpetually capped by small snow patches, though there are no true glaciers due to the extreme aridity. The snow line in this region is the highest in the world, at around 6,500 metres (21,300 ft), which is around 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) higher than in the Himalayas and 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) higher than in the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador.</p> <p>The peak's name comes from the Aymara for "murky water": <i>llulla</i>= dirty and <i>yacu</i>= water. Other sources propose it to have originated from </p>

Llullaillaco

Llullaillaco is a potentially active stratovolcano at the border of Argentina (Salta Province) and Chile. It lies in the Puna de Atacama, a...

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Venezuela

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxSXvvqvNdl5QtANZT1lgF__4MizJuJ6YrLThr-8x6eLP1orqeAtTjbpJ2jVfmZulqamgrXJG2Xz8QxO-vEg5ceN6F562qxHjbPbgd3jqdOYFz749XTC1tCdVgss4QPR0qrpO9NKQzRF8/s1600/500px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg-721539.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6143340076745289826" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxSXvvqvNdl5QtANZT1lgF__4MizJuJ6YrLThr-8x6eLP1orqeAtTjbpJ2jVfmZulqamgrXJG2Xz8QxO-vEg5ceN6F562qxHjbPbgd3jqdOYFz749XTC1tCdVgss4QPR0qrpO9NKQzRF8/s320/500px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg-721539.png"></a></p><p><b>Venezuela</b> (<span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span><span><span title="/ˌ/ secondary stress follows">ˌ</span></span><span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span></span><span><span title="/ɛ/ short 'e' in 'bed'">ɛ</span></span><span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span><span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span><span><span title="'z' in 'zebra'">z</span></span><span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span></span><span><span title="/eɪ/ long 'a' in 'base'">eɪ</span></span><span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span><span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/</span></span> <span title="English pronunciation respelling"><i><b><span><span><span>VEN</span></span></span></b>-ə-<b><span><span><span>ZWAYL</span></span></span></b>-ə</i></span>, <small>Spanish pronunci</small></p>

Venezuela

Venezuela ( / ˌ v ɛ n ə ˈ z w eɪ l ə / VEN -ə- ZWAYL -ə , Spanish pronunci

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